The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Energy consumption reduction has become increasingly important today, as buildings contribute significantly to energy use. Therefore, strategies to reduce energy consumption in this sector can have a substantial impact on reducing national energy consumption. This research analyzes the energy consumption of a building (a case study of a 492-unit residential complex in Farhangshahr, Ahvaz) and the effect of HVAC setpoint temperature on reducing building energy consumption in four cities with different climates in Iran. To analyze the results, the building design process was simulated using AutoCAD maps in the DesignBuilder software, and EnergyPlus was used for energy calculations. Results show that cooling accounts for 96.1% of energy use in Ahvaz, while heating comprises 84.6% in Tabriz. In Tehran and Yazd, cooling represents 54.6% and 65.5% of total consumption, respectively. Increasing the cooling setpoint from 22°C to 27°C reduces cooling load by 35.7% in Ahvaz and electricity use by 44.6 MWh annually. Lowering the heating setpoint from 21°C to 16°C decreases heating load by 36.4% in Tabriz and gas consumption by 25.8 MWh. These findings emphasize the significant energy savings achievable by optimizing setpoint temperatures based on climate conditions. Additionally, reducing the heating setpoint from 21°C to 16°C results in a 32.6% decrease in annual CO₂ emissions in Ahvaz, with further reductions of 39.6%, 40%, and 40.2% observed in Yazd, Tehran, and Tabriz, respectively.

The present paper investigated the effectiveness of concept mapping as a learning strategy on EFL students’ self-regulation (metacognitive self-regulation, time and study environment, effort regulation, peer learning, and help seeking). Sixty university students participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, each including thirty students. They were at the intermediate level of English proficiency and studying English either Translation or Literature. Their language proficiency was determined by the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP) (Corrigan, 1979). The instrument to collect data on the students’ selfregulation was the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Printrich et al., 1991). The findings revealed that students gained higher self-regulation in writing tasks as the result of the explicit instruction of the concept mapping strategy. The findings have implications for pedagogy as well as for research.

Objective: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles in survival and chemoresistance. These cells are commonly recognized with CD44 and CD24 markers. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of mtDNA content on cell surface positivity for anti-CD24 and anti-CD44 antibodies and chemoresistance level in AGS, HGC-27 and MKN-45 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines and to determine a setpoint for mtDNA copy for each cell line.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we initially decreased mtDNA levels in AGS, HGC-27 and MKN-45 by EtBr treatment. This depletion was confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Changes in cell surface positivity for anti-CD24 and anti-CD44 antibodies in control and mtDNA-depleted AGS, HGC-27 and MKN-45 were then analyzed with flow cytometry. Changes in chemoresistance (5-FU and cisplatin) were analyzed for all cell lines. The relationship between mtDNA content and cell surface positivity for CD24 and CD44 markers was examined.Results: The highest CD44 positivity was found in HGC-27 and MKN-45 ρlow cells which had 33-40% mtDNA content of control cells, however, CD24 positivity decreased with mtDNA depletion in all cell lines. The highest chemoresistance levels were found in all ρlow cells. mtDNA-recovered (i.e. reverted) HGC-27 and MKN-45 cells partially maintained their increased chemoresistance while reverted AGS cells did not maintain an increased level of chemoresistance.Conclusion: mtDNA depletion triggers chemoresistance in cancer cell lines and is correlated with increase and decrease of CD44 and CD24 positivity respectively in HGC-27 and MKN-45 GC cell lines. A mtDNA content above or below the identified setpoint (33-40% of that in control cells), results in the decrease of CD44 positivity and chemoresistance levels.

For a two-input two-output distillation column with heavy interactions and long dead times, a two-by-two PI/PID controller is designed.The design objectives are good setpoint regulation and appropriate load disturbance rejection. The constraints are on degree of robust stability, control e ort as well as peaks of the maximum singular value of sensitivity and complementary sensitivity matrices. As this set of design objectives and constraints is often conicting, a more exible control structure, a two-degree-of-freedom scheme, is proposed. The design problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and is solved by a powerful random-search optimization technique, the so-called vector-based swarm optimization. Next, the performance of the proposed method in controlling a Wood and Berry distillation column is evaluated and compared with that of several well-known design techniques. Because of using a exible control structure, a powerful optimization algorithm and a comprehensive set of design requirements, the proposed control strategy performs well in coping with conicting design objectives.

Distillation columns are essential in the chemical and process industries for separating liquid mixtures based on differences in the volatility of their components. Achieving the desired product compositions requires effective modelling and control strategies. This work focuses on developing a dynamic mathematical model for the UOP3CC Armfield binary distillation column used in the laboratory. The model incorporates mass and energy balance equations and considers key factors such as heat transfer in the condenser and reboiler, tray hydraulics, and vapor-liquid equilibrium. The model parameters are estimated and validated using real-time experimental data. The control strategy aims to regulate the temperature profiles to maintain the desired ethanol composition in the top product. This work explores the implementation of Proportional-Integral (PI), Model Predictive Control (MPC), and Robust setpoint Tracking Disturbance rejection with Aggressiveness (RTD-A) controllers to optimize process performance. Model order reduction techniques simplify the complex process dynamics, while a decoupler is used to manage interactions between control loops. The performance of the PI, MPC, and RTD-A controllers is compared using metrics like setpoint tracking, disturbance rejection, and computational efficiency. Experiments are conducted to establish the relationship between top tray temperature and distillate purity, leading to the identification of a temperature setpoint that maximizes ethanol purity. This setpoint is validated in a closed-loop system, with the physical model achieving a steady-state error of just 0.19%. The results emphasize the significance of accurate modelling in improving the performance of the UOP3CC distillation column.

Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the stressful occupations and psychological hardiness can be effective in controlling stress and maintaining and ensuring their health, so the present study was conducted with the aim of the role of spiritual experiences and emotional regulation in predicting the psychological hardiness of nurses. Methods: The current research was a descriptive-correlational study. The research community included all the nurses of Birjand city in 2023. Among the qualified people, 280 nurses were selected through available sampling based on the Gujarsi and Morgan table (1971). They answered the questionnaires about the spiritual experiences of Underwood and Tersi (2002), the emotional regulation of Gross and John (2003), and the psychological hardiness of Kiamrai et al. (2007). Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22 software. Results: The results showed that the correlation between emotion regulation (r=0.531) and spiritual experiences (r=0.587) with psychological hardiness was positive. Also, the components of spiritual experiences were 35.3% and the components of emotion regulation were 29.1% of the variance is explained by psychological hardiness. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the spiritual experiences and regulation of emotions of nurses are effective on their psychological hardiness and it can be said that with the increase of spiritual experiences and regulation of emotions of nurses, the level of psychological hardiness increases. Therefore, it is suggested that by promoting the spiritual experiences and emotional regulation of nurses, the ground for improving their psychological hardiness is provided.

Social networks have shaped a major part of our lives today. In addition to benefits for societies, this phenomenon has also brought disadvantages. One of these important problems is breach of users' privacy in social networks. Social networks have access to the data and information of many of their users, who can use that information for different purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the information and privacy of the users more than before. The main question is whether collecting, categorizing and selling users' information in social networks is a breach of their privacy? And what solutions are there to deal with it? In this article, using the analytical descriptive research method, the above issue has been investigated. Finally, this article has reached the conclusion that the use of users' information by social networks is a breach of users' privacy, and it is not possible to accept all conditions when users register in social networks as the user's consent to use their data. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the use of user information in social networks and prevent further misuse of user information. In this regard, there are three main solutions (regulation, self-regulation and tax collection). It is not effective to use only one method to protect users' data. it is recommended to use a combination of the aforementioned methods, but the most effective method in this regard is to impose a tax on social networks and spend these amounts to develop digital security and protect users' data and compensation for damages. In Iran, due to the existence of a legal gap, in order to protect users' data, a law should be approved to protect users and their information in social networks.